价格上限规制何以优于回报率规制

近几十年来,价格上限规制因其能带来更有效率的定价结构以及厂商在此种规制下压缩成本的强烈动机,使其在很大程度上替代了回报率规制。然而,在微观经济学教科书中,却较少探讨价格上限规制这一内容。在此,文章进行了简单探讨,以表明这种规制何以优于传统的回报率规制,以填补教材在此方面的缺失。     

自然资源价值理论与理性利用

自然资源有无价值直接影响到经济发展方式和对自然资源开发利用的态度。从哲学角度出发,结合劳动价值论和效用价值论的相关理论,可以认为,自然资源的价值在于其满足人们的需要,自然资源价值量的大小取决于其稀缺性、开发条件和重置成本。如何对自然资源合理利用,关键是对其价值计算和比较。     

The endogeneity of the natural rate of growth – an empirical study for Latin‐American countries

The aim of this paper is to analyse the sensitivity of the natural rate of growth to the actual rate of growth for a sample of 11 Latin‐American countries, assuming the natural rate to be determined endogenously by changes in the actual rate of growth. The natural rates of growth are estimated in a system of SUR estimations over the period 1986–2003. In order to determine whether they react endogenously to changes in the actual rate of growth, a dummy variable for boom periods is added to the system of regressions. The results confirm the hypothesis about the endogeneity of the natural rate of growth.     

Climatic Factors as Determinants of International Migration

We examine natural disasters and long‐run climatic factors as potential determinants of international migration, implementing a panel dataset of bilateral migration flows from 1960 to 2000. We find no direct effect of long‐run climatic factors on international migration across our entire sample. These results are robust when conditioning on origin‐country characteristics, when considering migrants returning home, and when accounting for the potential endogeneity of migrant networks. Rather, we find evidence of indirect effects of environmental factors operating through wages. We find that epidemics and miscellaneous incidents spur international migration, and there is strong evidence that natural disasters beget greater flows of migrants to urban environs.     

自律在蒙氏教育中自然产生

论文首先阐述了蒙氏教育中纪律是如何产生的,接着叙述蒙台梭利教育思想是如何培养幼儿的自律能力。文章主要强调幼儿的自律是如何在蒙氏教育中自然产生,重点探讨了如何运用蒙氏教育理论培养幼儿的自律能力。     

Women and Minorities in Introductory Economics Textbooks: 1974 to 1984

The authors conducted a painstaking review of widely used economics textbooks to determine if or how issues relating to race and gender are treated. In doing so, the authors also shed light on the nature of the treatment of these issues.     

我国民族地区学校教育的社会支持力分析

教育是一种社会活动,教育事业必须必需得到社会支持才能顺利开展。在我国由于民族众多,每个民族所处自然环境和社会环境不尽相同,因此在国家统一的教育体制中下,各民族对教育的社会支持力也各有差异。尤其在自然环境差异和民族语言差异方面,其教育经费的扩大化,制约了社会对学校教育的支持力,严重地影响着民族地区的教育发展。这就需要对民族地区的教育体制进行改革与创新,使我国的民族教育获得长足的发展,以推进少数民族地区的社会经济发展。     

“X-非效率”与电网企业经营绩效评估

评价自然垄断的效率问题不能仅从理论出发，而要从电网企业实际经营绩效判断。国家电网公司经营绩效评估可以按市场活力、技术创新、内部管理、社会责任4个领域的指标进行分析，可进一步细分为24个子指标。绩效评估指标体系的实证分析表明，国家电网公司的经营绩效为较好，至少并不存在所谓的“X-非效率”问题，也反映了政府对电网企业的监管是有效的。未来改革的关键不在于打破垄断或者输变电一体化与否，而在于继续完善监管体系、进而形成更加富有激励的制度安排。